Doc from AMP_Sinis, 9 years, 5 months ago

Inputs of biogenic carbonate sediment from Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows to four beaches of the Sinis peninsula (Sardinia, western Mediterranean) were evaluated.Beach and continental shelf sediment samples were analysed for grain size distribution and composition, biogenic vs. siliciclastic, in order to identify the provenance of beach sediments and sediment transport pathways. Seabed mapping was carried out in order to identify the distribution of meadows and sediment deposits offshore. Shelf sediments were collected in unvegetated sites and in P. oceanica meadows. Sediments from unvegetated sites were coarse sands and gravel, mainly siliciclastic (biogenic carbonate content is 3–7%). Sediments from P. oceanica meadows were coarse sand, mainly biogenic (carbonate contents varying between 60 and 90%). Beach sediments showed bimodal grain size distribution (59% of samples) resulting from mixing of coarser siliciclastic with finer biogenic materials in variable proportions. Biogenic carbonate contents in beach sediments range from 0 to 90%, reaching the highest values in offshore samples. Analysis of grain size and compositional trends from shelf to beach sediments highlighted that the latter originate from two different sources: erosion of granitic outcrops, providing the siliciclastic component, and export of sediments from P. oceanica meadows, providing biogenic material. P. oceanica meadows also influence shore by contributing towards maintaining the beach sediment budget.

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Doc from AMP_Sinis, 9 years, 5 months ago

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Doc from AMP_Sinis, 9 years, 5 months ago

Marine reserves are assumed to protect a wide range of species from deleterious effects stemming from exploitation. However, some species, due to their ecologicalcharacteristics, may not respond positively to protection. Very little is known about the effects of life history and ecological traits (e.g., mobility, growth, and habitat) on responses of fish species to marine reserves. Using 40 data sets from 12 European marine reserves, we show that there is significant variation in the response of different species of fish to protection and that this heterogeneity can be explained, in part, by differences in their traits. Densities of targeted size classes of commercial species were greater in protected than unprotected areas. This effect of protection increased as the maximum body size of the targeted species increased, and it was greater for species that were not obligate schoolers. However, contrary to previous theoretical findings, even mobile species with wide home ranges benefited from protection: the effect ofprotection was at least as strong for mobile species as it was for sedentary ones. Noncommercial bycatch and unexploited species rarely responded to protection, and when they did (in the case of unexploited bentho-pelagic species), they exhibited the opposite response: their densities were lower inside reserves. The use of marine reserves for marine conservation and fisheries management implies that they should ensure protection for a wide range of species with different life-history and ecological traits. Our results suggest this is not the case, and instead that effects vary with economic value, body size, habitat, depth range, and schooling behavior.

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